The max value of Null
Nulls are always hot to discuss, especially as it often ends up being something DBA's and developers can argue about for entire lifetimes. Surprisingly few lifetimes are shortened because a DBA and a developer get into a fight over the Very Important Topic of ... Nothing/Null.
Well, two recent examples on how to handle nulls in important systems are so funny that I have to tell them, then I shall say no more on this topic. After all, Chris Date has written entire books on the topic, while another good friend, Lex de Haan, somehow restricts himself to entire days of the (three-valued) logic of Nulls.
First Case: A huge, public system is based on a system developed for another database than Oracle, and so the whole application is made "database independant".
I quoted Jonathan Lewis' chapter 10 of Tales of The OakTable where he says that only many users or much data will create problems for database-independant designs, and since this system will be big and busy, it should be fun to watch in the decades to come.
For one thing, no RI stuff was implemented using the standard SQL way of doing so. After all, who needs PK, FK, and all the rest when you can - hold on to your tables and chairs - can implement the whole thing using PL/SQL in triggers and procedures. Hey, never mind the famous /*+ no_trigger */ hint available in some versions. We're going on that picnic.
Second, nulls were implemented as 192 blanks. No, I'm not drunk and I haven't eaten funny mushrooms. I haven't even had more than a lot of beers in the last hour. 192 blanks it is. Of course I think 192 is a beautiful number, near-perfect, to tell you the truth. But why exactly that number to represent a null value? We'll possibly never know.
Second Case: A DBA told me this story: It had been a long and hard Summer, trying to convince the developers to use, say, only not null columns in primary keys - and not succeding. Well, there were glimpses of hope, they were beginning to understand things about ER diagramming.
That's what the DBA was thinking, hoping, perhaps even believing... until the other day.
The other day one of the developers had come to the DBA with a Very Good Question:
"How do I find the max value of nulls?"
That's when the DBA started crying, left work early, and consumed a bottle of alcohol that night.
/developer/null is the only thing I can add.
Well, two recent examples on how to handle nulls in important systems are so funny that I have to tell them, then I shall say no more on this topic. After all, Chris Date has written entire books on the topic, while another good friend, Lex de Haan, somehow restricts himself to entire days of the (three-valued) logic of Nulls.
First Case: A huge, public system is based on a system developed for another database than Oracle, and so the whole application is made "database independant".
I quoted Jonathan Lewis' chapter 10 of Tales of The OakTable where he says that only many users or much data will create problems for database-independant designs, and since this system will be big and busy, it should be fun to watch in the decades to come.
For one thing, no RI stuff was implemented using the standard SQL way of doing so. After all, who needs PK, FK, and all the rest when you can - hold on to your tables and chairs - can implement the whole thing using PL/SQL in triggers and procedures. Hey, never mind the famous /*+ no_trigger */ hint available in some versions. We're going on that picnic.
Second, nulls were implemented as 192 blanks. No, I'm not drunk and I haven't eaten funny mushrooms. I haven't even had more than a lot of beers in the last hour. 192 blanks it is. Of course I think 192 is a beautiful number, near-perfect, to tell you the truth. But why exactly that number to represent a null value? We'll possibly never know.
Second Case: A DBA told me this story: It had been a long and hard Summer, trying to convince the developers to use, say, only not null columns in primary keys - and not succeding. Well, there were glimpses of hope, they were beginning to understand things about ER diagramming.
That's what the DBA was thinking, hoping, perhaps even believing... until the other day.
The other day one of the developers had come to the DBA with a Very Good Question:
"How do I find the max value of nulls?"
That's when the DBA started crying, left work early, and consumed a bottle of alcohol that night.
/developer/null is the only thing I can add.
13 Comments:
One major government project in Australia:
a)No, we do not release SQL scripts to update the schema, SQL is "proprietary"! We write a program to translate the SQL to XML and write another program to read the XML and act on the database.
b)We do not use inefficient joins to get data from multiple tables: we denormalize the query into a single result format table and we use "beans" to populate the result table from the original prime tables every time there is a change to the originals.
It's *only* been going for 3 years, four major *redesigns*, a small army of 40 developers to write about 35 different screens. And so on.
Spot the next disaster project: this one will beat the Australian Customs one, guaranteed! And yes, it is the SAME mob, under a different name!
Apparently, it's hard to get the message into the heads of IT governance in this country, they need multiple nailings...
Excellent example of design decisions from Hell! We have another project here (huge, man, huge) where it's only neccessary with five tables, since they are very, uhm, general in their layout.
Nothing like the big, hairy, lonely table whose first column really is the table name :).
Nulls, we do not use nulls. Oh no.
Obviously it would be a pain to have to supply values for a column so *all* columns have default values
number = 0
varchar2 = ' '
date = '01-Jan-1900 00:00'
clob = ' '
we do not use any other data type.
As far as design goes. We have a reporting type (maybe even DW) database
DATAVALUE - for storing the values (in a varchar)
DATASET - for grouping sets of data
DATAGROUP - for grouping sets of datasets
Guranteed I think to annoy the relational, the DW *and* the Object types all at once. A work of true genius.
But think of all the row migration that will be avoided when those 192 blanks are updated to an actual value!! :-)
Perhaps the developer got confused about the ability to optionally sort NULLs first or last. So in an ORDER BY, NULLs act like an ACE in blackjack; it can be the lowest card (one) or the highest (eleven). :-)
I was always confused by NULLs until I was enlightened by the genius Donald Rumsfeld in his poem The Unknown.
Roderick and I had a conversion about the Rumsfeld verses a year or so ago. Roderick is not being sarcastic-- I think we agree Rumsfeld is a genius and those journalists who made fun of him are simply incapable of understand "null" concepts.
Apps developers are ostensibly engineers, but in reality are people who cannot comprehend the value of baselines. DBAs, on the other hand, are ostensibly administrators and not engineers. Of course, they cannot comprehend baselines either. Nevertheless, the two groups are culturally opposed.
The "null" issue reminds me of the situation in statistics where you consider the probability of an event under a continuous function having a particular discrete value. That probability is said by statisticians to be "zero", but they are wrong, wrong, wrong.
Statisticians are mathematicians, but are pragmatists, you see. Personally, I think that probability is really "infinitesimal", which simply rounds to zero. Something is going on there, just not much and we can't quantify it precisely.
Of course, being neither an apps developer nor a DBA; not a statistician, mathematician nor a pragmatist, I can only assure you the probability is "null".
My friend Ricky Sanchez asplained this all to me the last time I saw him at IOUG-A. "Just do the math", he said, "just do the math."
Smart guy.
but why does
SELECT SUM(a_number_column)
FROM my_table
WHERE 1=2
return NULL rather than 0 (at least in Oracle and MySQL)? Surely the SUM of zero numerical elements is zero rather than an unknown quantity.
Please show me how you determine that the outcome of that SQL is null.
"DBA's" is possessive. You meant "DBAs".
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